Should Pharmaceutical Companies Use Direct For Consumer...

Should Pharmaceutical Companies Use Direct to Consumer Advertising? For most people hearing or seeing the advertisement first hand, has become commonplace. Direct to Consumer (DTC) advertising is one way pharmaceutical drug companies get their message to just about everyone, not to mention consumers. Whether direct to consumer advertisement harms or helps is unknown, since the effectiveness of the advertisement is also unknown. Though, regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the advertisement of drugs is largely left up to the consumer to decide if they should believe the information presented is, first off reliable and secondly, if they should seek further information. That information, usually comes from the knowledge of a physician. However, with information at their fingertips through online sources, some delve in on their own efforts. In this report, DTC advertisement is questioned: of its effectiveness and of its usefulness. The reasons why both doctors and consumer think DTC advertisement is available and should this form of adver tisement continue to be allowed in the public? The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for all direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising (DTCPA) and there is both the positive and adverse reasons doctors, consumers, and patients either agree or disagree when it comes to how they get their information. Beginning in 1938, when the Act passed in the U.S. the FDA was given the right to regulate pharmaceuticalShow MoreRelatedThe Social Media Consumers Health Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe Social Media Consumers Health The social media industry’s fast development over the last decade has been changing prescription drugs advertising because most pharmaceutical companies are aware that many American consumers are regularly using social media platforms. For example, according to Kees et al. â€Å"Barely or Fairly Balancing Drug Risks? Content and Format Effects in Direct-To-Consumer Online Prescription Drug Promotions† 37% of Americans searched the internet for information on prescriptionRead MoreDeontological Paper1343 Words   |  6 Pagesspent on advertising each year with the goal of increasing revenue for the business or raising awareness of an organization to the public. Pharmaceutical companies bring products to the markets that are intended to help people live better lives. Advertising is a relatively new phenomenon for pharmaceutical companies in the United States. â€Å"In 1985, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which has the responsibility for safety regulations governing drugs, passed a ruling that allowed direct marketRead MoreEssay about Deontological Advertising 1279 Words   |  6 Pagesconveniently. Unsurprisingly, the field of advertising in the business world is specifically dedicated to understanding exactly what products or services are of interest to us, the consumers. Commercial entities spend considerable amount of resources to advertising. The pharmaceutical industry is no different. It is with this context in mind and utilizing the Deontological framework, that I will examine the ethical fabric of direct pharmaceutical marketing to consumers. In the age of information, we areRead MoreAdvertisements For Anti Anxiety Medication950 Words   |  4 Pageswas taken. Direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertisements have the ability to encourage people to seek medical attention for conditions/symptoms that could otherwise go unnoticed (Mintzes 908). In an area so stricken by anxiety such as a traumatic event, symptoms may very easily go unnoticed, as they are in the majority of the population. Advertisements that target the public and explain the symptoms and reasons behind these feelings, once again have the ability to educate consumers. An educatedRead MoreThe Ethical Appropriateness Of Direct Consumer Advertising Of Drugs Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesappropriateness of direct consumer advertising of drugs? I believe in the case where pharmaceutical companies are advertising with television commercials or paid advertisements within magazines are well within moral and good ethical standards. Consumers can choose to remain on the same television channel or read an advertisement within a magazine to become more educated about a specific pharmaceutical. However, in the case referenced in the article, where a pharmaceutical company sent representativesRead MoreDirect Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising : Looking For The Future1261 Words   |  6 PagesDirect-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising: Looking to the Future Chances are, you have in some way, shape, or form encountered pharmaceutical advertising nearly everyday of your life. In the United States, pharmaceutical advertising has presented several concerns to consumers. Steps should be taken to reduce the negative effects of these types of advertisements. Direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising, such as the TV commercials or magazine ads you see telling you to â€Å"ask your doctor if such-and-suchRead MoreDeontological Paper708 Words   |  3 PagesEthics Week 4 Deontological Second Paper April 15, 2012 Direct-to-consumer drug advertising - Deontological Point ofView For many years, consumers relied and depended on the expertise and knowledge of physicians to make decisions on their pharmaceutical needs. Before 1985, prescription drugs could not be advertised directly to consumers. The U.S Food and Drug Administration passed a rule that allowed Direct-to-consumer drug advertising in 1985. This ruling was passed on the condition that warningRead MoreDirect to Consumer Advertising1068 Words   |  5 Pages19, 2013 Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising: Ethical or Not? The United States and New Zealand are the only developed countries that allow direct-to-consumer advertising. Whether the practice of direct to consumer advertising is beneficial to the consumers or not is a highly debated subject with both positions presenting sound reasoning for their position. Whether the practice is beneficial or not to the consumer is not the question, but rather, is advertising prescription drugsRead MoreDeontological Ethical Analysis of Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Marketing1357 Words   |  6 PagesDeontological Ethical Analysis of Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Marketing In Deontological ethics, morality of an action is based upon the particular action’s adherence to moral laws independent of their consequences (DeGeorge 62). Direct-to-consumer marketing of pharmaceuticals has had heated debate with logical arguments from those for, and for those against allowing such practices to exist. I do not believe the marketing of the prescription medication to be solely unethical but moreRead MoreThe Unethical Impacts of Direct to Consumer Drug Advertising1130 Words   |  5 PagesOver the last several years, pharmaceutical companies have launched a campaign style called Direct to Consumer Drug Advertising or known as DTCA. This campaign has led to a large increase of clinical examinations has led to a large increase in clinical examination and this makes the pharmaceutical companies happy and helps padding their pockets. Using this type of advertising, these drug companies allow details of a particular drug to spread to a potential patient and the n most likely pushed by the

Manistique Inc. Free Essays

Manistique Inc. devised a safety compliance program within the organization whose aim is to train and monitor employees inducing low injury rates and higher safety compliance standards. Manistique offers rewards to employees with lower injury rates. We will write a custom essay sample on Manistique Inc. or any similar topic only for you Order Now The program was implemented on a large-scale throughout the organization amongst 83 plants. Without any statistical analysis it would be impossible to reach a conclusion as to whether the program has improvised the injury rates or not; however, individuals remark that there has been a slide in the injury rates depicting a favorable influence of the training program. The objective at Manistique is to standardize the program across the board so that there is ample saving on administrative costs incurred due to workplace injuries. Before this can be done so, the terms of the program have to be decided which will come in handy in convincing the management of the worthiness of this program. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the terms of the safety program and the most two important measures of safety rates: 1. Safety attitudes 2. Time lost due to injuries. Making use of historical information as well as data available from the last quarter, this paper will use statistical techniques to reach a conclusion as to whether the safety program has been successful in lowering injury rates. Analysis The report is attached with the original dataset provided for the analysis of this report. We shall begin by analyzing the correlations between the different variables in the dataset to ascertain a conclusion as to whether the program has really improved safety attitudes and improved the time lost in injuries or whether the change is statistically insignificant Correlation between safe training attitude (safetrain) i) Total number of injuries (tinjuries) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The low positive value of the correlation co-efficient suggests that there is no significant relationship between the safety attitude and the actual number of workplace injuries i. e. the attitude has not helped the practical level of injuries incurred at Manistique. For a significant cause-and-effect relationship the value of the correlation coefficient should have been positively larger. i) Total number of deaths (tfatalities) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The correlation co-efficient is negative (as should not have been the case). The value is not significantly high (very close to 0), which suggests that safety standards have hardly any influence in lowering the number of deaths at Manistique. On the other hand it has slightly increased the number of injuries (correlation co-efficient is slightly positive). Thus, safety attitudes have not at all been effective in reducing the number of injuries. iii) Disability days (disabdays) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: Again the negative value suggests that there is a negative relationship between safety attitude and disability days (the lower the attitude, the lower the disability days). However, the value of the correlation co-efficient is very small which negates any strong relationship between the two variables. Correlation between safety support from co-workers (safesupport) i) Total number of injuries (tinjuries) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The correlation coefficient is positive. This suggests that the increased safety support from co-workers actually has a positivee influence as it results in a drop in number of injuries at Manistique. However the low value of the coefficient suggests no strong cause-and-effect relationship for the program implemented at Manistique. ii) Total number of deaths (tfatalities) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The correlation co-efficient is negative (as should not have been the case). This negates all possibilities of a favorable influence of the coworker safety in reducing the number of deaths at Manistique; in fact, the relationship is quite the opposite with a very small magnitude. iii) Disability days (disabdays) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The low negative value again brings the conclusion that there exists a negative relationship but the degree of influence is very meek. This brings about the conclusion that there is no significant influence of the co-worker support attitude on the number of disability days; it is quite the opposite. Correlation between safety support from co-workers (feelsafe) i) Total number of injuries (tinjuries) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The correlation co-efficient is negative (as should have been the case). However, the highly negligible value of the co-efficient suggests no significant relationship between a feeling of safety amongst the workers and the actual injuries at Manistique. ii) Total number of deaths (tfatalities) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The correlation coefficient is positive (as should not have been the case). Increasing confidence held by a worker that he/she is safe does not decrease the number of injuries at Manistique; rather it increases it weakly. This is ample evidence for a lack of good relationship between the two variables. iii) Disability days (disabdays) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The low negative value again brings the conclusion that there exists a positive relationship but the degree of influence is very meek. This brings about the conclusion that there is no significant influence of the belief of safety held by a worker on the number of disability days. Conclusion Based on the calculations made in the above section, the conclusion that can be formed here is quite obvious and brief: the new safety compliance program at Manistique has no significant influence upon improving the number of injuries, fatalities or disability days at Manistique. The training program, co-worker support regarding the safety program or even the belief held by the workers that their safety has increased as a result of the program have no cause-and-effect relationship good enough to reduce the number of worker injuries, deaths and the number of disability days at Manistique. Moving barely above the 0. 1 correlation level, there is no need for statistical hypothesis testing methods to be employed in reaching the conclusion. At any confidence level, these values are sufficiently weak enough to conclude that the safety compliance program is of significant importance in saving administrative costs for Manistique by reducing the number of injuries, deaths or disability days at Manistique. How to cite Manistique Inc., Papers

Case study of Mr Harold Blake-Free-Samples-Myassignmnthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case study of Mr Harold Blake. Answer: The following assignment involves the case study analysis of an 83-year-old man, Mr Harold Blake who had a complex medical history of angina and left cerebral vascular accident. He was admitted to hospital after an episode of left cerebral vascular accident (CVA) followed by angina. The patient had an episode of CVA on his left side that impaired his mobility and sudden weakness and numbness resulting in paralysis on one side of the body. Moreover, after an angina episode, focused diagnosis is required looking into the medical history, physical examination and various signs and symptoms assessed in the emergency department (ED). Therefore, the assignment involves the plan of care for the patient along with rationale, short and long-term goals for recovery followed by legal and ethical considerations required for the case study analysis. The plan of care also requires inter-professional collaboration in giving well-articulated care that will also be discussed in the following essay. Anxiety is one of the main priorities after an angina episode, as Harold may fear of threat of sudden death. The patient that is accompanied by autonomic response experiences the condition of vague and uneasy feeling of discomfort or dread. This condition may be situational crisis or threat as he had encountered a second angina episode or due to underlying pathophysiological response (Anderson et al. 2013). In the case study, Harold was accompanied by negative thoughts, as he was worried about the effect of the diseased condition on his lifestyle and family. This was evidenced in him, as he was unable to comprehend as what was happening to him accompanied by restlessness, uncertainty and apprehension. The immediate and main nursing goals in the plan of care in reducing anxiety to a manageable level and verbalize awareness among the patient about feelings of anxiety with effective demonstration of coping skills. For reducing anxiety attributable to fear of unknown prognosis and diagno sis, it is important to perform stress testing in order to gather information about activities that preceded and precipitated the episode of angina detecting his response to the condition. It is important to promote the patients expression of fears and feelings because unexpressed feelings can create turmoil and presence of negative talk contributing to exacerbation of the condition (Jespersen et al. 2013). The nurse should administer tranquilizers, sedatives as indicated to relax him until he is able to cope up with the present condition. The nurse need to reassure Harold that medical regimen designed for him is aimed at reducing the future chances of angina attacks and increase stability. The rationale for this intervention is to encourage Harold to control his present symptoms, increase confidence and integrate his abilities in the plan of care (Amsterdam et al. 2014). As Harold is worried about his position in the family and lifestyle, his family need to be encouraged to treat h im as before so that he is reassured about his position in family and in turn reduces his anxiety levels. This is both a short and long-term goal as family need to maintain healthy relationships with Harold so that he feel secured and have fast recovery (Huffman et al. 2014). The second priority for the plan of care is impaired physical mobility as CVA affected his left side of the body and impaired mobility. The sudden onset of neurological deflects as a result of compromised blood flow affected his mobility, verbal and non-verbal response (Inglis et al. 2013). As a result, there is impaired physical mobility and affected physical movement in one or more extremities in the body. Decreased superficial reflexes, weak neuromuscular involvement, paralysis and perceptual or cognitive impairment can possibly evidence this condition. The nursing goals increase in function and strength of physical movement by the compensatory affected part and maintenance of optimal functioning in Harold and demonstration of behaviours that enable his activities resumption (Yi?iner et al. 2016). The plan of care involves assessing of extent of impairment on a scale from 0-4 because it helps to identify the deficiencies and strengths of Harold regarding recovery following the sec ond day. He should be made to change positions every 2 hours for reducing tissue injury, poor circulation and sensation. He should also be positioned in prone position depending upon his activity level because it helps to maintain his hip extension. There should also be beginning of passive (Range of Motion) ROM after admission and encouraging exercises such as squeezing, gluteal exercise, and extension of legs, fingers and rubber ball because there is minimization of muscle atrophy. This also promotes circulation and prevention of contractures along with reduction of risk of haemorrhage (de Oliveira Medeiros, de Arajo and de Arajo 2013). The nurse should assist Harold in developing sitting balance by head raising from bed and assisting him to sit on the bed. Moreover, the patient should also be supported at the lower back and knee positioning using parallel bars. The rationale for this intervention aids in enhancing proprioception, retraining of neuronal pathways and motor response . The long-term goal is to prevent pressure ulcers by positioning the patient and aligning of extremities correctly using high-top sneakers for footdrop prevention or pulsated mattresses (Evans et al. 2015). Fluid imbalance is the third priority as it is a common complication in CVD. Electrolyte and fluid imbalance can be life threatening for Harold due to rapid heart rate and tachycardia. The nursing goal involves maintaining normovolemic conditions, demonstration of lifestyle changes for avoiding dehydration progression and encouraging Harold to verbalize awareness of behaviours and causative factors for detecting correct fluid balance (Aronson et al. 2013). For the plan of care, the vital signs like heart rate and blood pressure should be monitored and documented as alteration in heart rate and decrease in volume of circulating blood can result in tachycardia and hypotension. There should also be assessment of oral mucous membranes and skin turgidity for dehydration signs as elderly skin losses elasticity and hence skin turgor assessment is required (Floras and Ponikowski 2015). There should also be monitoring of fluid status that is related to dietary intake and this is important to verify that Harold is on fluid restraint or not. There should also be monitoring of serum electrolytes, urine osmolality to report abnormal values as elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen may indicate fluid deficit. The patient should be administered daily for fluid intake and need comparison with 24-hour output and input. This is important because these measurements indicate intravascular volume. There should also be monitoring of vital signs like orthostatic and hypotension and temperature elevation because these measurements are helpful in the determination of fluid deficit from the body (Lee et al. 2015). The nurse needs to ascertain the beverage preferences of Harold and encourage high fluid intake while consuming foods because it relieves discomfort and thirst. The plan of care should also involve taking safety precautions using bedside rails, bed placed in low position and if required soft restraints should be used. This would help to prevent patient fall and injury as decre ased cerebral perfusion often results in altered thought process and created confusion (Moorhead et al. 2014). Legal and ethical considerations are present in geriatric care and in case of Harold; ethical issues are involved as he is vulnerable as compared to an average adult. Ageing is a dynamic and complex process that is intricately inseparable and interrelated psychological, physiological and sociological aspects of human life. In this case, the ethical considerations involve conflicts of interest that may arise between Harold and professional caregivers or his family members. Harolds interests may interfere with healthcare professionals and these conflicts may interfere with the actual plan of care and treatment of Harold. Therefore, in context to elderly care in the case study, confidentiality should be maintained, as substantial amount of patient information like past medical history is required from Harolds family members. The healthcare professionals owe a duty of confidentiality to the patient that personal information should not be shared with others except for medical purpose (Car lson and Idvall 2015). In this case, informed consents should be taken from Harolds family maintaining confidentiality and disclosing only with prior consent from the patients family. The legal consideration involves decision-making capacity in case of elderly care, Harold. As the thought process is altered in the patient due to CVD accident, he may or may not be competent in participating in the medical decision-making process (Sahota et al. 2013). Therefore, in this case study, it is important for the healthcare providers should focus on including the family members in the decision-making process, as Harold is unable to think clearly about the medical decisions and consequences thereafter. For providing integrated care and assure that his needs are fulfilled, a specialist multi-disciplinary team (MDT) comprising of healthcare professionals like cardiologist, cardiac rehabilitation specialist, nurses, case managers and nutrition specialists are required. This combination is helpful in providing spectrum of approaches and manages Harold individually through tailoring in meeting patients needs. Depending upon the angina episode, cardiologists attended by junior medical nurse staffs perform assessments and develop plan to manage the emergency condition of angina episode. The case manager has the responsibility to undertake the assessment, planning, monitoring and advocate Harold case, linked it with support and rehabilitation services like cardiac rehabilitation specialist functioning for the illness management and prevention of further angina episodes. Nurses play the most important role in patient care as Harold is critically ill and it is their responsibility to relieve him from acute pain and cardiac workload reduction. The nurses in collaboration with nutrition specialists execute the plan of care for Harold monitoring his vital signs, fluid and nutrition balance, administration of medicines while working with families in indentifying their risk factors and necessary lifestyle modifications (Feltner et al. 2014). The allied healthcare professional in case of Harold is speech pathologist. Due to CVD, Harold exhibited sudden weakness, numbness and paralysis that results in decreased verbal and non-verbal response. Therefore, there is need for a speech pathologist or therapists for assessing, diagnosing, treating and assisting Harold in speech, voice, language, swallowing, cognitive-communication and fluency. Speech therapist is a part of team working in collaboration with cardiologists, rehabilitation nurses and specialists and physicians in improving communication and speech with Harold (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 2016). From the above discussion, it can be concluded that angina episode requires integrated care for the better management of the patient by a MDT. In the case study, Harold was admitted to hospital after an episode of angina and CVA and at the hospital, the MDT provided a plan of care from emergency treatment to recovery. The plan of care involves three main priorities; anxiety, impaired physical mobility and fluid imbalance. The essay discussed the plan of care and rationale for the patient for managing and stabilizing his condition. Moreover, a MDT approach is also required including allied health professional, speech therapist providing an integrated care and better recovery of Harold. Therefore, the case study analysis provided an insight into the better management and plan of care for the 83-year-old patient, Harold. References American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2016. Scope of practice in speech-language pathology. Amsterdam, E.A., Wenger, N.K., Brindis, R.G., Casey, D.E., Ganiats, T.G., Holmes, D.R., Jaffe, A.S., Jneid, H., Kelly, R.F., Kontos, M.C. and Levine, G.N., 2014. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with nonST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,64(24), pp.e139-e228. Anderson, J.L., Adams, C.D., Antman, E.M., Bridges, C.R., Califf, R.M., Casey, D.E., Chavey, W.E., Fesmire, F.M., Hochman, J.S., Levin, T.N. and Lincoff, A.M., 2013. 2012 ACCF/AHA focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/nonST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,61(23), pp.e179-e347. Aronson, D., Abassi, Z., Allon, E. and Burger, A.J., 2013. Fluid loss, venous congestion, and worsening renal function in acute decompensated heart failure.European journal of heart failure,15(6), pp.637-643. Carlson, E. and Idvall, E., 2015. Who wants to work with older people? Swedish student nurses' willingness to work in elderly careA questionnaire study.Nurse education today,35(7), pp.849-853. College of Nursing and Health Sciences,2016, CaseWorld - Harold Blake,Flinders University, South Australia, https://flo.flinders.edu.au/course/view.php?id=37845 [Accessed February 13, 2018]. de Oliveira Medeiros, H.B., de Arajo, D.S.M.S. and de Arajo, C.G.S., 2013. Age-related mobility loss is joint-specific: an analysis from 6,000 Flexitest results.Age,35(6), pp.2399-2407. Evans, N., Wingo, B., Sasso, E., Hicks, A., Gorgey, A.S. and Harness, E., 2015. Exercise recommendations and considerations for persons with spinal cord injury.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation,96(9), pp.1749-1750. Feltner, C., Jones, C.D., Cen, C.W., Zheng, Z.J., Sueta, C.A., Coker-Schwimmer, E.J., Arvanitis, M., Lohr, K.N., Middleton, J.C. and Jonas, D.E., 2014. Transitional care interventions to prevent readmissions for persons with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of internal medicine,160(11), pp.774-784. Floras, J.S. and Ponikowski, P., 2015. The sympathetic/parasympathetic imbalance in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.European heart journal,36(30), pp.1974-1982. Huffman, J.C., Mastromauro, C.A., Beach, S.R., Celano, C.M., DuBois, C.M., Healy, B.C., Suarez, L., Rollman, B.L. and Januzzi, J.L., 2014. Collaborative care for depression and anxiety disorders in patients with recent cardiac events: the Management of Sadness and Anxiety in Cardiology (MOSAIC) randomized clinical trial.JAMA internal medicine,174(6), pp.927-935. Inglis, S.C., Lewsey, J.D., Lowe, G.D., Jhund, P., Gillies, M., Stewart, S., Capewell, S., MacIntyre, K. and McMurray, J.J., 2013. Angina and intermittent claudication in 7403 participants of the 2003 Scottish Health Survey: impact on general and mental health, quality of life and five-year mortality.International journal of cardiology,167(5), pp.2149-2155. Jespersen, L., Abildstrm, S.Z., Hvelplund, A. and Prescott, E., 2013. Persistent angina: highly prevalent and associated with long-term anxiety, depression, low physical functioning, and quality of life in stable angina pectoris.Clinical Research in Cardiology,102(8), pp.571-581. Lee, J., Louw, E., Niemi, M., Nelson, R., Mark, R.G., Celi, L.A., Mukamal, K.J. and Danziger, J., 2015. Association between fluid balance and survival in critically ill patients.Journal of internal medicine,277(4), pp.468-477. Moorhead, S., Johnson, M., Maas, M.L. and Swanson, E., 2014. Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)-E-Book: Measurement of Health Outcomes. Elsevier Health Sciences. Sahota, O., Drummond, A., Kendrick, D., Grainge, M.J., Vass, C., Sach, T., Gladman, J. and Avis, M., 2013. REFINE (REducing Falls in In-patieNt Elderly) using bed and bedside chair pressure sensors linked to radio-pagers in acute hospital care: a randomised controlled trial.Age and ageing,43(2), pp.247-253. Yi?iner, ., Tezcan, M., Tokatl?, A. and De?irmencio?lu, G., 2016. Managing the treatment of the patients with stable angina like a chess player: making moves considering the next move of atherosclerosis.Journal of geriatric cardiology: JGC,13(11), p.938.